一个多民族文学融合互动的范本——《述善集》文学文献价值考述

“Tangwu” is an alternative name for the descendants of the Xixia dynasty. In 1227 AD, a number of these Xixia descendants moved inland after the destruction of the Xixia Dynasty by the Mongolians. One group of them migrated to the area near Puyang, Henan Province. Tangwu Chongxi ( Yang Chongxi ) of the Yuan Dynasty compiled the Shu San Ji, which is divided into three volumes: Shansu, Yucai and Xingshi, and appended with the biography of Boyan Zongdao. It reflects the historical origins, social class, living conditions and the relations with the Han people of the descendants of the Dangxiangqiang minority af-ter they moved to Puyang. This book attracted a lot of attention in academic circles, and it was there-fore reorganized and published in 1985 after being treasured by the people for more than 600 years. It has high academic value for its comprehensive his-torical records. We can not only acquaint ourselves with the history of the make-up of the Chinese na-tion, but also research this diversity from multiple perspectives, such as history, nationality and folk-lore . That is why it has drawn so much attention a-mong academic researchers. The book contains po-ems, prose and biographies, which belong to dif-ferent celebrated scholars from different ethnic mi-norities, all of whom had relationships with Tang-wu Chongxi. It is also a typical model of Qiang-Han literature, which is very rare. This paper gives a preliminary exploration on the book, and shows a small part of its comprehensive value. Shu San Ji is not a merely personal collec-tion, but is also different from general literature collections. The compilation of the book took a long time. Shu San Ji Xuxie ( Continuation of Shu San Ji) , written by Zhang Yining, was finished in the 18 th year of the Zhizheng Period in the Yuan Dynasty (1358), which indicates that the Shu San Ji had already been finished by that time . Zeng wuwei chushi yangxiangxian xu ( Presented to Chu Shi Yang Xingxian·Preface ) , written by Wei Su and finished in the 24 th year of Zhizheng ( 1364 ) , suggests that the Shu San Ji had been compiled in-to a book by that time, and that it was compiled with the compositions of social celebrities of the time. However, the Shu San Ji, as it has been handed down to us today, includes the Song Yang-gong Xiangxian gui Tanyuan xu ( Preface of Send-ing Yanggong Xiangxian Back to Tanyuan) by Tao Kai, written in March in the 5 th year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty ( 1372 ) . It indicates that Yang Xiangxian kept on collecting articles even after the book was finished. The Xu yangshi yiji ( Preface of Yang’s Last Collection) by Wang Chongqing, writ-ten in the 6th year of Jiajing (1527), indicates that the Shu San Ji was still being written after Yang Chongxi’s death. At the end of the Shu San Ji , Boyang Zongdao zhuan ( Biography of Boyang Zongdao) and Weiti shi (Poems) were collected in the 16 th year of Zhengde in the Ming Dynasty (1529) and in the 16th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1629), respectively. It suggests that the
Shu San Ji had been supplemented and continually recompiled since Yang Chongxi firstly finished his book in 1358. After 271 years, in 1629, the Shu San Ji, as we read it today, was finally comple-ted. Through the basic components of the Shu San Ji,readers can understand that the Tangwu family was a harmonious, multi-ethnic family. A number of multi-ethnic writers spent long periods compos-ing works collected in the Shu San Ji and Tangwu Chongxi was also influenced by China’s diverse culture and traditional Confucian culture. The work is strongly connected with his study in Guozixue. In the late Yuan Dynasty, the restora-tion of the imperial examinations promoted Confucianism’s influence further. Pan Di, as Tang-wu Chongxi’s teacher in Guozixue, wrote most arti-cles in the Shu San Ji, which shows their close re-lationship and his influences on Tangwu Chongxi’s literature and Confucian studies. Tangwu Chongxi and others’ works reflected their sense of admira-tion for and deep feelings for their Dangxiang an-cestors, but more so helped to propagate the con-cepts of Confucian edification, diligence, thrifti-ness and benevolence, and some of them did so in a very polemic way. For example, Boyan Zongdao wrote the Jiefu xu ( preface of “Jiefu”) and Tang-wu Chongxi wrote the Jiefu houxu ( epilogue of“Jiefu”) , which reflect the social reality and ide-ology of all scholars with different ethnic back-grounds at that time. His work, “Tangwu gong-bei” fushi ( Poem inscribed on Tangwu Tablet ) , was written in a plain and authentic way and showed that he always remembered his origins and his ethnic desire to inherit the family’s heritage. Meanwhile , it was also mixed with the popular ide-as of upholding the honor of their ancestors from the central plains and Han areas, which shows the
editorial purpose of the Shu San Ji and also dem-onstrates the value of Chinese multi-ethnic litera-ture and cultural integration.     

西夏文《经史杂抄》考源

西夏文《经史杂抄》一书出土已近百年,因首尾皆佚,内容芜杂,此前一直未获全文解读,出处亦不明。本文指出此书主要依据敦煌汉文文献《新集文词九经抄》编译而来,是目前所知西夏人编译的唯一一本通篇征引汉文俗文学的作品。对它的解读可以解决夏译汉籍悬而未决的最后一个谜团,从而为研究西夏教育和文化交流提供一份宝贵的材料。     

西夏对外政策的历史考察

:西夏在长期的对外交往中形成了以趋利避害、左右逢源、灵活务实为主要特征的对外政策 ,表现出和平交往与兵戎相见的错综复杂性。西夏的对外政策既是西夏与诸政权间力量对比消长变化的产物 ,又提供了其自身发展壮大和与各强大势力巧妙周旋、长期并存的重要条件 ,同时也给当时北方民族关系和政治格局以深刻影响     

创建黑水城出土文献研究新的里程碑

黑水城文书是20世纪继甲骨文、汉晋简牍、敦煌文书以后的又一次重大出土文献发现。对于这批珍贵文献,史金波从文物、文献和史料以及学术等三个方面对其价值进行探讨的同时,指出了在录文、定名和断代过程中需要注意的问题,并对黑水城出土汉文文献的研究情况作了探讨。白滨从文献出土地辨析与文献甄别、文献缀合以及文献残卷的拟题与断代等三个问题入手,以现有的研究成果为个例对黑水城文献整理与研究过程中应该注意的问题作了解析。孙继民对文献的朝代构成和学科定名问题进行探讨后认为,黑水城文献的朝代构成中可确定的是唐、五代、辽、宋、西夏、金、伪齐、元(包括北元)诸朝;目前流行的"西夏学"一语不足以涵盖黑水城文献的性质,围绕黑水城文献而兴起的专门学问用"黑城学"或"黑水城文献学"定名更为恰当;此外,他还对"黑城学"与"西夏学"的关系进行了辨析。杨倩描认为,俄藏黑水城宋代军政文书不仅可以对两宋之际以鄜延路为中心的西北地区史料作一定的补充,而且对一些具有普遍意义的宋代制度、事件、人物的研究也有相当的价值。     

早期西夏语文学研究概述

1931年苏联杰出的西夏学者Н.А.聂历山首次对国际西夏学研究的早期历史作了简要回顾,全面介绍了19世纪末20世纪初各国西夏学研究的重要成果,对西夏文字的创制、构成、发音、推广及其重要辞书、文献,尤其对西夏文释读作出重大贡献的《掌中珠》都作了生动有趣的描述。对我们了解西夏研究历史,总结前辈学人的经验教训,借鉴和完善方法理论,促进西夏研究的繁荣有着重要意义。现据《西夏语文学》译出,希望能为学界提供一些有价值的线索。     

略论西夏公文体式

公文体式是一篇公文外在形式特征所能体现出来的全部内容,包括公文种类、公文用语及称谓、公文的格式和公文载体等。公文体式自秦朝开始确立,历代相沿,并不断发展和完善。西夏公文体式并没有文献记载,我们只能从传世的西夏汉文史籍中保留下来的公文以及西夏故地出土的最为原始的汉夏文公文实物来分析,通过分析得知,西夏公文的体式与宋或辽朝的中央公文体式相一致。为此,本文比较全面而深入地探讨了西夏公文的称谓、语体、格式等规定要求。     

辽宋西夏金时期族际饮食文化交流略论

辽宋西夏金时期,中国境内不同经济形态的各民族,在饮食文化相互交流的过程中,明显表现出农耕民族饮食与游牧民族饮食的交融。一方面,农耕民族以谷物食品为主的主食不但在游牧民族的日常生活中占据越来越重要的地位,而且副食、果品、饮品等对游牧民族也产生了广泛的影响。另一方面,作为游牧民族主食的乳肉制品,逐渐成为农耕民族的副食品种,游牧民族副食蔬果类的某些品种、饮食器具,尤其是合餐制的饮食方式对农耕民族也产生了不同程度的影响。同时,相同经济形态的民族,其饮食文化也往往各具特色,并在民族和地区间相互交流。饮食文化在日常生活中的族际交流,不但推动了各民族生活方式的发展和社会经济的进步,而且有力地促进了各民族相互认同意识的发展。     

《西夏地理研究》再评价———与祁琛云商榷

学术界对杨蕤的博士论文及同名著作赞誉较高.针对祁琛云的批评意见,文章试图从不同学科层面进行再评价,主要涉及历史地理学的写法;历史地理是否可以推断甚至是猜测;多学科的综合运用,该著作开创了西夏问题的研究先例;该著作为西夏的历史地图绘制打下坚实基础;勾勒宋夏时期(中国)西北地区民族格局;深入探讨了西夏农牧业交错分布;重新探讨了西夏灭亡的有关史实等七个方面.文章最后对相关研究进行了总结和展望.     

西夏民族关系思想述论

西夏是我国北宋时期西北地区的一个少数民族政权。其政权建立后,治内民族众多,各族发展水平参差不齐;对外一方面与辽、宋争立正统,另一方面又有被辽、宋、吐蕃三方夹击的危险。从整体来看,西夏面临着复杂的民族关系问题。作为一个新兴的少数民族政权,党项李氏除了继承前代中原地区传统的民族关系思想之外,又结合自身的民族特性,对当时的民族关系作了新的认识和总结,形成了西夏独特的民族关系思想。这一思想不仅对蒙元统一全国有着借鉴意义,而且在中国民族关系思想史上也占有重要地位。     

影响西夏兴衰的地理环境因素

西夏因地处西北内陆,其大陆性气候显著,地表多荒漠。西夏经济以畜牧业为主,农业比重不大,基础较为薄弱,与中原王朝互通有无发展周边贸易成为西夏发展的重要途径。西夏时期气候寒冷、干燥,人们砍伐森林,开垦土地,境内植被有所破坏。过度开发造成土地沙化、草场退化、森林缩减、河流不稳定等影响着西夏经济的可持续发展,最终导致经济衰退,国力衰弱。过度开发既是西夏立国的动力因素,也是西夏亡国的动力因素。